How do peer reviews fit into the QA process?

External QAs or independent validations can be conducted through peer reviews instead of utilizing external service providers. Internal auditors from three or more different organizations come together to form a pool of professionals, all of whom must be qualified to conduct external QAs. Reciprocal peer reviews between two organizations does not pass the independence test. Peer review teams can consist of members from different organizations within an industry or other affinity group, regional association, or other group of organizations. However, administration of this process can be quite challenging because ensuring the appropriate composition and assignments of the teams is imperative. Perceived independence and objectivity can also be challenging.